NAD 10Vials/box

Basic Information

Full Name: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+, oxidized form)

CAS: 53-84-9

Structure: A dinucleotide composed of nicotinamide + adenine + two ribose + two phosphate groups, the active form of vitamin B3.

Forms: Oxidized form (NAD+, electron acceptor), reduced form (NADH, electron donor); the NAD+/NADH ratio determines the cellular metabolic state.

Half-life: Minutes to hours (rapid turnover, requires continuous synthesis)

State: Endogenous molecule in the human body, not a drug; supplementation is mainly through oral/injection progenitor.

II. Core Mechanism of Action

1. Energy Metabolism Center (ATP Production)

As an electron carrier, it participates in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation, transferring electrons from metabolites to the mitochondrial respiratory chain, generating over 95% of ATP. NAD+ is reduced to NADH, and NADH is then oxidized back to NAD+, driving energy production in a cyclical process.

2. Activation of Sirtuins Longevity Protein (Core Anti-Aging Pathway)

It is the only essential coenzyme of **SIRT1-7 (Silencing Information Regulator)**

Sirtuins regulate: DNA repair, mitochondrial biosynthesis, inflammation suppression, biological clock, and autophagy, directly delaying cellular aging.

3. DNA Repair and Genome Stability

Provides substrates for **PARP (Polyadecto-ribose diphosphate polymerase)**, repairing DNA single/double strand breaks and preventing gene mutations and apoptosis.

During aging/stress, excessive PARP activation consumes NAD+, forming a vicious cycle of "aging - decreased NAD+ - weakened repair".

4. Metabolic Reprogramming and Signal Regulation

Regulates the AMPK/mTOR pathway, improving insulin sensitivity, promoting lipid oxidation, and inhibiting lipid synthesis.

Participates in calcium ion signaling, neurotransmitter synthesis, and immune regulation, maintaining systemic homeostasis.

III. Core Efficacy (Research/Clinical)

1. Boosting Energy and Combating Fatigue

Enhances mitochondrial function, eliminates chronic fatigue, boosts energy, and improves exercise endurance.

Relieves afternoon fatigue and recovery after staying up late.

2. 3. **Delaying Aging and Cell Rejuvenation:**

Activates Sirtuins, reducing wrinkles, improving skin elasticity, and delaying organ aging.

Enhances telomere stability and reduces cell apoptosis.

4. **Metabolic Health (Fat Loss/Blood Sugar Control):**

Improves insulin resistance, lowers blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Promotes the browning of white adipose tissue, increases thermogenesis, and reduces visceral fat.

Optimizes blood lipids, lowers triglycerides and LDL, and increases HDL.

5. **Neurological and Cognitive Protection:** Supports neuronal energy metabolism, improving memory, concentration, and sleep quality.

Potentially delays the progression of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

6. **Tissue Repair and Anti-Inflammation:**

Accelerates the repair of muscle, tendon, and joint damage.

Inhibits chronic inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6), improving inflammation-related diseases.

7. **IV. NAD+ Levels and Age (Key Patterns):**

20 years old: Peak NAD+ levels in the body.

40 years old: Decreases to 50% of the level at age 20.

60 years old: Decreases to 20% of the level at age 20. The decline in 10-20% of the age group is due to: decreased NAMPT (rate-limiting enzyme in synthesis) activity, excessive PARP depletion, and increased inflammation and oxidative stress.