SS-31 10vials/box

Basic Information

Generic Name: SS-31 / Elamipretide / MTP-131

CAS: 736992-21-5

Sequence: D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂ (Dmt=2',6'-dimethyltyrosine)

Molecular Weight: 720.9 Da

Charge: +3 at physiological pH, strong mitochondrial targeting

Appearance: White lyophilized powder, excellent water solubility

Purity: Research grade ≥98%; Pharmaceutical grade ≥99%

II. Core Mechanism of Action (Cardiac Lipid Targeting)

1. Precise Mitochondrial Enrichment (No Transporter Required)

Aromatic-cationic alternating structure rapidly penetrates the cell membrane, driven by the negative potential of the inner mitochondrial membrane to enrich 1,000-5,000 times.

D-Arg provides resistance to protease degradation, prolonging the duration of action.

2. Cardiolipin (CL) Specific Binding (Core)

Electrostatic interaction (+3 peptide ↔ CL negatively charged head) + Hydrophobic interaction (aromatic residues) ↔ CL acyl chain), stabilizes cardiolipin-protein complex

Protects CL from oxidation, vesicle release, and degradation

3. Mitochondrial function repair (three major effects)

Stabilizes respiratory supercomplex: maintains efficient electron transport chain (ETC) assembly, increasing ATP production by 30-50%

Inhibits electron leakage and ROS: reduces superoxide production, lowering oxidative stress by 40-60%

Protects cristae structure and membrane potential: prevents mitochondrial swelling, permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, and cytochrome C release

4. Downstream pathways

Activates mitoGPX4, inhibiting ferroptosis

Downregulates NOS2, improving the function of aging stem cells

Promotes mitophagy, clearing damaged mitochondria

III. Clinical and research applications

1. Approved indications (FDA 2025)

Barth syndrome (a rare mitochondrial genetic disease, tafazzin mutation causing cardiolipin deficiency)

Improves 6 1. Walking distance per minute, stroke volume, symptom score

2. Clinical trials in progress (Phase II/III)

Chronic heart failure (EMBRACE Phase III, primary endpoint not met, but subgroup benefit observed)

Mitochondrial myopathy, optic neuropathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, ischemia-reperfusion injury

3. Core research directions

Mitochondrial aging reversal: Enhancing mitochondrial function in muscle/nerve/stem cell models

Organ protection: Myocardial/brain/renal ischemia-reperfusion, diabetic complications, chemotherapy-induced kidney injury

Stem cell rejuvenation: Restoring osteogenic differentiation capacity of aging BMSCs

Anti-aging: Improving muscle endurance, cognition, and skin mitochondrial health